Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Mahamadou Daouda; Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa; Daouda Mama; Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Mahamadou Daouda, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Daouda Mama, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 2)

Received: 28 March 2018 Accepted: 17 April 2018 Published: 8 May 2018

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Abstract

Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.

Published in	American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
Page(s)	57-63
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

DMA-80, Pollution with Hg, Anthropogenic Sources, Kérou, Kouandé, Péhunco

References

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[2]	United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), Global Mercury Assessment 2013. Sources, Emissions, Releases and Environmental Transport. UNEP. Chemicals Branch 2013, Geneva, Switzerland, 32 p.
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[4]	Chasar Lia, C.; Scudder Barbara, C.; Stewart Robin, A.; Bell Amanda, H.; And Aiken George, R., Mercury Cycling in Stream Ecosystems, 3, Trophic Dynamics and Methylmercury Bioaccumulation. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2009, Vol. 43, 2733–2739.
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[7]	Ministère de L’agriculture de L’élevage et de la Pêche (MAEP), Statistique de la campagne agricole du Benin, 2007.
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[10]	Voegborlo, R. B.; And Adimado, A. A., Total mercury distribution in different fish species representing different trophic levels from the atlantic coast of ghana. Journal of Science and Technology 2010, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1-91
[11]	Cossa and Quémerais Procedures for sampling analysis of mercury in natural waters. Rapport scientifique et technique-31E. Centre St Laurent. 1997, 36p.
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[13]	AFSSA (2002), Saisine n 2002-SA-0014 relatif à l’évaluation des risques sanitaires liés à l’exposition au mercure des femmes enceintes allaitantes et des jeunes enfants.
[14]	Kanda, M.; Boundjou, G. D.; Wala, K.; Gnandi, K.; Batawila, K. ; Sanni, A.; et Akpagana, K., Application des pesticides en agriculture maraichère au Togo. Journal VertigO - revue électronique en sciences de l'environnement [En ligne] 2013, Vol. 13 No. 1 \| avril 2013, mis en ligne le 16 avril 2013. URL: http://vertigo.revues.org/13456 ; 332 DOI : 10.4000/vertigo.13456
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[18]	Murat, Y.; Aykut Y.; and Fatma S., Heavy Metal Accumulation In the Leaves, Stem and Root of the Invasive Submerged Macrophyte Myriophyllum spicatum L. (Haloragaceae): An Example of Kadın Creek (Mugla, Turkey). Journal of Braz. Arch. Biol. Techno. 2014, Vol. 57, No. 3, 434-440, May-June 2014 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1516-8913201401962
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Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Mahamadou Daouda, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Daouda Mama, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. (2018). Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(2), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Mahamadou Daouda; Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa; Daouda Mama; Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 6(2), 57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Mahamadou Daouda, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Daouda Mama, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. Am J Appl Chem. 2018;6(2):57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14,
  author = {Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim and Mahamadou Daouda and Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa and Daouda Mama and Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim},
  title = {Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {57-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20180602.14},
  abstract = {Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin
AU  - Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim
AU  - Mahamadou Daouda
AU  - Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa
AU  - Daouda Mama
AU  - Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
Y1  - 2018/05/08
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 57
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
AB  - Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim

Department of Chemical Engineering-Processes, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey, Calavi, Bénin
Mahamadou Daouda

Department of Animal Feed and Nutrition, Faculty of Agronomic Sciences, University of Abomey, Calavi, Bénin
Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Abomey, Calavi, Benin
Daouda Mama

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Technologies, University of Abomey, Calavi, Benin
Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim

Department of Animal Production and Heath, Polytechnic School of Abomey-Calavi, University of Abomey, Calavi, Benin

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APA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Mahamadou Daouda, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Daouda Mama, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. (2018). Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(2), 57-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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ACS Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim; Mahamadou Daouda; Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa; Daouda Mama; Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2018, 6(2), 57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

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AMA Style

Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim, Mahamadou Daouda, Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa, Daouda Mama, Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim. Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin. Am J Appl Chem. 2018;6(2):57-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14,
  author = {Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim and Mahamadou Daouda and Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa and Daouda Mama and Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim},
  title = {Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin},
  journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {57-63},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20180602.14},
  abstract = {Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin
AU  - Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim
AU  - Mahamadou Daouda
AU  - Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa
AU  - Daouda Mama
AU  - Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
Y1  - 2018/05/08
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
SP  - 57
EP  - 63
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8745
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180602.14
AB  - Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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