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Nutritional Composition and Fatty Acids Analysis of Capparis decidua L. Fruits
Ayat Ahmed Alrasheid,
Sayadat El Tigani,
Sakina Yagi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
39-42
Received:
2 February 2018
Accepted:
14 March 2018
Published:
9 April 2018
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the nutritional value, fatty acids and mineral composition of fruits of Capparis decidua L. This has been carried out by analyzing chemical composition for samples of the plant collected from Goz Abu kelab, Algutaina Road, White Nile State, Sudan. The proximate analysis and fatty acids composition were determined by analyzing sample of identified plants using different methods. The results of analysis showed that the fruits of C. decidua. contain total ash (6.34±0.06%), moisture (5.18±0.01%), total oil percentage (6.02±0.02%), crude fiber (6.19±0.5%), crude protein (14.32±0.2%), total carbohydrates (61.95±0.03%) and total sugar (0.42±0.1%). The fixed oil extracted from fruits were evaluated for chemical composition. The GC-FID analysis showed the presence of various saturated and unsaturated fatty acids such as Lauric acid (0.2080%) methyl ester, Tri decanoic acid methyl ester (0.3035%), Myristic acid methyl ester (0.5851%), palmatic acid methyl ester (46.0220%), Lamda-Linolenic acid methyl ester (0.6700%), Linolelaidic acid methyl ester (45.7910%), Cis- 11-Eicosenoic acid methyl ester (3.9941%), Arachidonic acid methyl ester (0.3080%), Erucic acid methyl ester (1.6876%) and Tricosanoic acid methyl ester (0.4307%). Fruits of C.decidua contained iron (81.8 mg/100g), sodium (26.9 mg/100g), potassium (2969.6 mg/100g), calcium (14.1 mg/100g) and manganese was not detected but it might been found in trace undetectable amounts. Generally, proximate compositions revealed that C.decidua fruits have better nutritional value as food and livestock feedstuff.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to find out the nutritional value, fatty acids and mineral composition of fruits of Capparis decidua L. This has been carried out by analyzing chemical composition for samples of the plant collected from Goz Abu kelab, Algutaina Road, White Nile State, Sudan. The proximate analysis and fatty acids composition were determin...
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Fats of Pig and Beef from Benin: Purification, Stability Study, Chemical and Nutritional Composition
Hermann Nounagnon,
Bénédicta Kpadonou-Kpoviessi,
Berenger Ladele,
Pierre Dossou-Yovo,
Joachim Gbénou,
Salomé Kpoviessi
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
43-50
Received:
27 February 2018
Accepted:
13 March 2018
Published:
9 April 2018
Abstract: Animal fats, are used in several western countries in industrial sectors as energy, oleochemistry, animal and human feed but stay under-utilized through Africa. The aim of the present study was to purify and stabilize fats of Bos taurus Linnaeus (BTL) and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben (SSDE) from Benin for various uses. Fats from BTL and SSDE were purified using local reagents, for the first time in Benin. The physicochemical properties, nutritional composition and the fatty acid profile were determined, with also, their preserving times. The GC/FID analyzes shown that 100 g of purified BTL fat contained 65.76% of saturated fatty acids (SFA), 31.83% of monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 2.41% of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In the SSDE fat, 48.57% of SFA, 38.59% of MUFA and 12.84% of PUFA were obtained. The studied fats were rich in unsaturated fatty acids (UFA) such as oleic acid (34% and 26% and for SSDE and BTL respectively) and linoleic acid (11% and 1% for SSDE and BTL respectively). Their major saturated acids were palmitic and stearic acids, with respectively 25% and 35% for BTL fat and 25% and 21% for SSDE fat. The physicochemical parameters such as acid, peroxide, iodine and saponification indexes of the two fats were in agreement with the Codex Stan 211 (1999) recommendations, during all the conservation time. The preserving times of the two purified fats varied according to the temperature of conservation. These purified fats, with interesting physicochemical properties, could be used in agri-food, energy, oleochemistry, cosmetology.
Abstract: Animal fats, are used in several western countries in industrial sectors as energy, oleochemistry, animal and human feed but stay under-utilized through Africa. The aim of the present study was to purify and stabilize fats of Bos taurus Linnaeus (BTL) and Sus scrofa domesticus Erxleben (SSDE) from Benin for various uses. Fats from BTL and SSDE were...
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Extraction of Pectin from Orange Peels and Characterizing Its Physical and Chemical Properties
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
51-56
Received:
30 March 2018
Accepted:
19 April 2018
Published:
26 April 2018
Abstract: The aim of this study was to extract pectin from orange peels. In order to increase profits for citrus orange growers and processors, citrus orange peels, a by-product of citrus orange processing, were investigated as a source of pectin. An orange, specifically, the sweet orange is the most commonly grown tree orange in Ethiopia. The present work addressed to the development of the part of the process needed for the extraction of value added products like pectin from orange peel, which is the waste of orange juice processing industry. The outcome of the present work highlighted that the sweet orange peels are good source of pectin and does have the potential to become important raw material for food processing industries. It was found from the experimental observations that the peel source. It was concluded that the process in which pectin was first extracted using technique of water bathing or drying followed by acid extraction of pectin was most suitable for industrial production for isolation of pectin. These results demonstrated the pectin, providing potential benefits for industrial extraction of pectin from an economic and environmental point of view. It was possible that pectin loss was occurring during the precipitation step and the alcohol washes. There was a large cloudy mass within the liquid that was possibly pectin that was not being recovered and retained in the following separation and washing steps. Experiments were set up to test the method of retrieving the pectin from the alcohol after precipitation. Experiments were conducted under standard extraction conditions comparing centrifugation and cheesecloth as retrieval methods for the precipitated pectin. The pectin yields for the centrifugation and cheesecloth methods were 14.3% and 10.6%, respectively. These results indicated that more pectin was retained using the centrifugation method.
Abstract: The aim of this study was to extract pectin from orange peels. In order to increase profits for citrus orange growers and processors, citrus orange peels, a by-product of citrus orange processing, were investigated as a source of pectin. An orange, specifically, the sweet orange is the most commonly grown tree orange in Ethiopia. The present work a...
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Sources and Distribution of Mercury Residues in Environmental and Food Matrices of the Mekrou River Watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco in Republic of Benin
Alassane Youssao Abdou Karim,
Mahamadou Daouda,
Abdoul Kader Alassane Moussa,
Daouda Mama,
Issaka Youssao Abdou Karim
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
57-63
Received:
28 March 2018
Accepted:
17 April 2018
Published:
8 May 2018
Abstract: Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (water, milk) and of the terrestrial and aquatic environment (fodder, agricultural soil and sediments) in the municipalities of 2KP. Total mercury (T-Hg) has been determined by DMA-80 (Direct Mercury Analyzer) in different environmental and food matrices of the Mekrou river watershed in Kèrou, Kouandé and Péhunco (2KP municipalities). The mercury content is higher in the superficial horizon of agricultural soil (0-20 cm) than in the horizon (20-40 cm). Watercourses (Mekrou River and its tributaries) have relatively low levels of Hg (0.5 to 1.3 μg/L) in water compared with ponds and dams (181.2 to 616.9 μg/L). Conversely, ponds and dams are characterized by low levels of mercury in water and relatively higher levels in sediments. Concentrations of Hg in cow's milk and cattle feed varied respectively in the concentration ranges of (0.4 to 8.7 μg/L) and (7.1 to 15.7 μg/kg). Regarding plant material, the highest concentrations of mercury (15.7 μg/kg) are obtained in the okra leaves (Abelmsehus eseuilleus (L.) Moench) used in the human diet, compared to cattle fodder. This work reveals agriculture as the leading source of mercury ecosystem contamination, followed by Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Exploitation (ASSGE) and hospital sources in 2KP municipalities.
Abstract: Environmental scientific research has been largely developed for about a century, and many disciplines have been interested in interactions and the role of hazardous chemical elements such as metallic mercury and its inorganic and organic compounds in the environment. This study aims to assess the mercury contamination level of some foodstuffs (wat...
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Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Properties of Some 1,3,4-Thiadiazolines
Houssou Raymond Fatondji,
Salomé Kpoviessi,
Fernand Gbaguidi,
Kamirou Chabi Sika,
Joachim Gbenou,
Georges Coffi Accrombessi,
Mansourou Moudachirou,
Jacques Poupaert
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 2, April 2018
Pages:
64-70
Received:
13 April 2018
Accepted:
26 April 2018
Published:
18 May 2018
Abstract: Through The literature, there is little information about the antibacterial activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. In order to verify if drugs based on this family of compounds could constitute an alternative to the antibiotics usually used in the antimicrobial fight, the aim of this work was to synthesize, to confirm the structures and then to test some 1,3,4-thiadiazolines for their antimicrobial activity against microbes. Twelve 1,3,4- thiadiazolines were synthesized with yields going from 27 to 95%. The products purity was confirmed by mass spectrometry coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography (LC/MS) and there were characterized using spectrometry IR, NMR 1H and 13C (nuclear magnetic resonance). The synthesized compounds were tested on strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella typhimurium R 30951401 according to the macro-dilution method in liquid environment for a comparison of their antibacterial activity. Thiadiazoline 1 has been shown to be more active than other products. The most antibacterial thiadiazolines are those having para-electro attractor groups and also alkyl groups at R2. It could be a good drug candidate against these microbes.
Abstract: Through The literature, there is little information about the antibacterial activity of 1,3,4-thiadiazoles. In order to verify if drugs based on this family of compounds could constitute an alternative to the antibiotics usually used in the antimicrobial fight, the aim of this work was to synthesize, to confirm the structures and then to test some ...
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