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Formulation and Characterization of Light Aggregates from Phosphate Ore Processing Waste from the Hahotoe and Kpogame Mines, Potential Use for Agricultural Applications
Moursalou Koriko,
Dodji Zounon,
Diyadola Diheenane Bafai,
Sanonka Tchegueni,
Koffi Agbegnigan Degbe,
Koffi Fiaty,
Patrick Drogui,
Gado Tchangbedji
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
171-185
Received:
14 October 2021
Accepted:
4 November 2021
Published:
10 November 2021
Abstract: This study relates to the development of light aggregates from phosphate sludge, rejects to sieves and clays. Three types of aggregates denoted S9, S10 and S11 have been developed. Samples S9 are composed of clay, screenings and phosphate sludge, samples S10 of clay and screenings and samples S11 of clay and phosphate sludge. The influence of temperature and cooking time on the properties (water absorption, density, porosity, etc.) of the aggregates produced was studied, as well as their mineralogical composition. For this purpose, three different cooking temperatures 900°C, 950°C and 1000°C, and two cooking times 30 and 60 min were considered. This study showed that the water absorption of aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 12.71% and 14.93% while that of aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 12.78% and 15.16%. The lowest water absorption is observed at the S10 aggregates sintered at 900°C for 30 min while the highest water absorption is observed at the S9 aggregates sintered at 900°C for 60 min. The dry density of aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 1.27 and 1.68 g/cm3 while that of aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 1.75 and 2.13 g/cm3. With the exception of S11 aggregates baked at 950 and 1000°C for 60 min, which have their density greater than 2 g/cm3, all the others can be considered light aggregates. It should also be noted that the aggregates cooked for 30 min have a lower density than the aggregates cooked for 60 min. The porosity of the aggregates cooked for 30 min varies between 16.30 and 20%, on the other hand the aggregates cooked for 60 min varies between 19.06 and 23.64%. X-ray diffraction analysis of the aggregates shows that they are mainly composed of fluoroapatite, quartz, hematite and plagioclases (albite, labradorite, and anorthite). The study also showed that the amount of quartz and fluoroapatite decrease with temperature. On the basis of the physical and mineralogical analysis carried out on the light aggregates, we could find them suitable for agricultural applications, especially their uses as substrates in hydroponics, in greenhouse cultivation in general, and in gardening.
Abstract: This study relates to the development of light aggregates from phosphate sludge, rejects to sieves and clays. Three types of aggregates denoted S9, S10 and S11 have been developed. Samples S9 are composed of clay, screenings and phosphate sludge, samples S10 of clay and screenings and samples S11 of clay and phosphate sludge. The influence of tempe...
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“Speb-Pebe” - Spicy Product Energy Booster Consumer Test and Its Effects on the Consumers’ Health
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara,
Nambinina Richard Randriana,
Nambinina Richard Randriana
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
186-201
Received:
22 September 2021
Accepted:
13 October 2021
Published:
17 November 2021
Abstract: The “spicy product energy booster (speb)” – “produit épicé boosteur d’énergie (pebe)” – “speb-pebe” was a spice food product composed mainly of “Capsicum chinense”, “Capsicum frutescens” and citric acid as active chemical molecules like preservative, catalyst and reactant. Thus, its important chemical bioactive molecules were capsaïcine, luteolin and quercetin; these molecules presented in their structure either ether and/or alcohol and/or amine and/or alkene organic functions which could reacted chemically with citric acid molecules catalyzed by citric acid protonic acid-H+ to give esters, esters of citric acid, amides and amides of citric acid. These chemical reactions were very important because these citric acid derivatives forms of “speb-pebe’s” bioactive molecules facilitated their partial or total solubilization and diffusion-transport through the organism particularly through the bloodstream via chylomicrons and lymphatic system. This efficient diffusion-transport allowed to the efficiency of their therapeutic vertues through the organism which were not only developed in this manuscript but also observed through a consumer test realized on the “speb-pebe” food product during one month such as its daily consumed quantity was limited to one teaspoon which corresponded to maximally 2g of “speb-pebe” respecting its components’ bioactive molecules daily limit of consumption including quercetin, capsaicin and luteolin. First, the results of this consumer test, realized on individuals, permitted to confirm that this “speb-pebe” food product was an energy booster. Indeed, the majority of individuals who participated in the “speb-pebe” consumption test had experienced an increase in their physical capacity and among adulthood who play sport, among student adolescent no one felt physical capacity decrease. Second, it was confirmed that the “speb-pebe” food product was classed by 43.48% of individuals as a taste and smell enhancing condiment which increased their appetite. Third, an appreciable spices’ bioactive molecules therapeutic virtues were confirmed by individuals participating this “speb-pebe” consumer test including non-detected of chronic and acute rhinitis, disappearance of psoriasis and the great majority of them felt their youth renewed; 76.20% of them were observed with normal increasing (38.10%) or stabilizing (38.10%) their weight at the end of the test without blood pressure disorder. These promising results was partly due to the probably regeneration of the chemical compound «phosphatidylserine-PS» particularly their two esters of fatty acids and an amino-acid organic functions by mechanisms described subsequently in this manuscript and the longevity of its activities as phagocyte by apoptosis where proteins probably plays significant role as citric acid protonic acid-H+ catalyst support.
Abstract: The “spicy product energy booster (speb)” – “produit épicé boosteur d’énergie (pebe)” – “speb-pebe” was a spice food product composed mainly of “Capsicum chinense”, “Capsicum frutescens” and citric acid as active chemical molecules like preservative, catalyst and reactant. Thus, its important chemical bioactive molecules were capsaïcine, luteolin a...
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Ameliorative Effect of Moringa oleifera Leave Extract on Kerosene Induced Hematological, Serum Biochemical and Histological Changes in Wistar Rats
Ashiru Dahiru,
Abdullahi Ishaq Ja’afaru
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
202-206
Received:
20 August 2021
Accepted:
3 September 2021
Published:
24 December 2021
Abstract: Kerosene is a liquid mixture of chemicals produced from the distillation of crude oil. It is produced on an industrial scale by distilling crude oil in a process similar to that used to produce diesel or petrol. Kerosene is used as a fuel in cooking stoves and heaters, it also has application as a solvent in paints, cleaners, pesticides and some eye medicines. The study is aimed to determine the ameliorative effect of moringa oleifera leave extract on kerosene induced hematological, serum biochemistry and histological changes in wistar rats. Several households used kerosene stoves as means of cooking which predisposed them to hydrocarbons. Fumes from petroleum products cause environmental pollution, that have resulted into various health challenges. This study has provided information on how kerosene dynamic change in critical values of hematological and serum biochemical indices for clinical applications. It has also provided updated data on leverage of Moringa oleifera in mitigating the damaging effects of kerosene fumes to hematological and serum biochemical indices. An experimental study was conducted and random sampling technique was employed. A total of 20 adult Wister rats were randomly divided into four groups (five each): negative control; exposed to kerosene fume; exposed to kerosene fume later treated with Moringa oleifera and treatment with Moringa only. The results showed polycythemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia and hyperchloremia while the histological findings show no tissue damage. In conclusion, kerosene caused hematological and serum biochemical changes and treatment with Moringa oleifera leaf extract showed promising results as observed in this study.
Abstract: Kerosene is a liquid mixture of chemicals produced from the distillation of crude oil. It is produced on an industrial scale by distilling crude oil in a process similar to that used to produce diesel or petrol. Kerosene is used as a fuel in cooking stoves and heaters, it also has application as a solvent in paints, cleaners, pesticides and some ey...
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Contribution to the Study of the Behaviour of Some MTEs in the Shallow Soils of Vegetable-growing Bottoms of the City of Duekoué (Côte d'Ivoire)
Sylla Tahiri,
Koffi Akissi Lydie Chantal,
Kouadio David Leonce,
Yapi Yapo Hermann Aristide,
Dibi Brou,
Dongui Bini Kouame
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
207-212
Received:
6 December 2021
Accepted:
30 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: Metal pollutants constitute one of the major pollution risks in Côte d'Ivoire and in particular in the town of Duekoué. This pollution is problematic due to the non-biodegradability and the accumulation of Trace Metal Elements (TME) in the environment. Thus, the health risk assessment aims to preserve the health of populations in their consumption habits. Indeed, any study aimed at controlling and then monitoring the quality of drinking water and the environment is beneficial. In Duekoué, market garden products grown in the lowlands are consumed without prior treatment which could cause metal poisoning of the population. The objective of this work was to study the behavior of metallic trace elements in the vegetable gardens of the town of Duekoué. To achieve the objective of this work four samples were taken from the four sites at depths of (0 to 15 cm). These samples were analyzed in the laboratory by an atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). For this purpose, the determination of the concentrations of metallic trace element, pH and the percentage of organic matter of the various samples was carried out. Also our study allowed us to show that soils 1 and 3 are basic while soils 2 and 4 are acidic. In addition, we noticed a richness in organic matter in site 1 with a percentage of 15. 57. In addition, the analysis of the sediments showed that there are correlations between metallic trace elements and factors modifying the mobility of TME and a correlation between TME. In addition, analysis of the samples taken revealed the presence of TMEs including mercury, lead, magnesium and cadmium in the clay fraction of the sediments. Arsenic and chromium are linked to the organic fraction of sediments. From this study, it emerges that the behavior of TME in lowlands is influenced by certain physicochemical parameters such as the pH and the percentage of organic matter in the soil.
Abstract: Metal pollutants constitute one of the major pollution risks in Côte d'Ivoire and in particular in the town of Duekoué. This pollution is problematic due to the non-biodegradability and the accumulation of Trace Metal Elements (TME) in the environment. Thus, the health risk assessment aims to preserve the health of populations in their consumption ...
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Study of Potential Adsorption of Glyphosate on Iron-textured Soil
Kouakou Yao Urbain,
Kambiré Ollo,
Kouakou Kpan Kpan Gains,
Trokourey Albert
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
213-220
Received:
22 November 2021
Accepted:
21 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential for glyphosate to contaminate water and ground water. For this purpose, the adsorption of glyphosate on a soil of culture in West of Côte d’Ivoire is investigated. The chemical composition of the soil, the different materials that compose it as well as the pH of zero charge of this soil were determined. The results revealed that the soil sample was rich in iron oxide mainly goethite, phengite and anatase. Adsorption kinetics was studied and the rate of sorption was found to conform to pseudo-second-order kinetics with 90 min as equilibrium time. Equilibrium isotherm data were analyzed according to Langmuir and Freundlich models. The two models describe the adsorption phenomenon well. The soil is heterogeneous with a good affinity between the metal oxides of the soil and the glyphosate. The maximum adsorption capacities were determined to be 2.68 mg/g. Parameters such as the initial pH of the solution, the mass of soil and the temperature were well investigated. It is observed that the adsorbed amount of glyphosate increases with temperature, reflecting the endothermic nature of the adsorption. The maximum amount of glyphosate adsorbed at 40°C is approximately 3 mg/g. The amount of glyphosate adsorbed increases with the initial concentration and decreases with the increase of pH. The optimal pH is therefore 5.
Abstract: The main goal of this study is to evaluate the potential for glyphosate to contaminate water and ground water. For this purpose, the adsorption of glyphosate on a soil of culture in West of Côte d’Ivoire is investigated. The chemical composition of the soil, the different materials that compose it as well as the pH of zero charge of this soil were ...
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Synthesis of Capsicum chinense Citric Acid Esters-Its Methanol Trans-esterification Investigations with hplc Analysis and Its valorization as Gels-Crystals Ca-Salts
Nambinina Richard Randriana,
Ernestine Ravomialisoa,
Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 6, December 2021
Pages:
221-237
Received:
28 November 2021
Accepted:
16 December 2021
Published:
31 December 2021
Abstract: The esterification between citric acid molecules and raw material-Capsicum chinense organic molecules in excess was carried out at 137°C-410.15°K. The kinetics of the reaction showed that this reaction was second order compared with citric acid and the calculated initial and global speed constant were respectively 1.43×10-1[L2×mol-2×s-1] and 3.84×10-2 [L2×mol-2×s-1]. The synthesized raw material’s-Capsicum chinense’s citric acid esters solutions colors was from light yellow-1.5[mn] to highly orange yellow-60[mn] confirming the esterification between citric acid molecules and the main bioactive molecules constituting the Capsicum chinense including capsaïcine, quercetin and luteolin whose densities were superior to one and explained the high densities of the Capsicum chinense citric acid esters solutions between 0.9825[g/ml] to 1.0636[g/ml]. Then, the alkene concentrations in esters solutions recorded an increase initially and at the middle of the time reaction respectively due to citric acid dehydration and alkenes from the raw material’s-Capsicum chinense’s bioactive molecules. But, the diminution of these alkene concentrations recorded from 900[s] time reaction confirmed their etherification with carboxylic acid and/or alcohol organic functions catalyzed by citric acid’s protonic acid-H+. Second, the trans-esterification mechanisms of the raw materials’ citric acid esters solutions with methanol was explored, inventoried and carried out in order to extract its bioactive molecules and their derivatives synthesized during this trans-esterification reaction where citric acid’s protonic acid-H+ sites functioned as catalyst. Thus, a trans-esterification using reflux-assembly followed by an extraction procedures were established in this manuscript. Indeed, the hplc analysis of the dichloromethane extracts allowed to identify the Capsicum chinense’s bioactive molecules and these derivatives. Third, procedures to synthesize crystals and gel calcium salts of raw material’s citric acid esters solutions was established. An inventory of these gel-crystals structure was done in this manuscript and it was deduced that the first step of these procedures was the esters solution titration with NaOH-0.05N in order to determine the optimum quantities of calcium hydroxide for the synthesis using reflux assembly at 137°C followed by evaporations procedures. Then, once synthesized gel was suffered under thermic treatment until having solid crystals well-structured, both could be characterized by an established EDTA-0.01N and alkene procedures titrations established in this manuscript. Finally, an established titration procedure with NaOH-0.05N allowed to determine their equivalent citric acid molecules concentrations. It was noticed that their citric acid and calcium weight concentration ratio was respectively 4.354/1.67 (≈2/1) which confirmed the well-structured of the product regarding to the exploration salts synthesis-mechanisms figures done in this manuscript.
Abstract: The esterification between citric acid molecules and raw material-Capsicum chinense organic molecules in excess was carried out at 137°C-410.15°K. The kinetics of the reaction showed that this reaction was second order compared with citric acid and the calculated initial and global speed constant were respectively 1.43×10-1[L2×mol-2×s-1] and 3.84×1...
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